Primary Storage:
It is a fast memory that operates at electronic speeds.
Programs must be stored in the memory while they are
being executed.
The memory contains large no of semiconductor storage
cells.
Each cell carries 1 bit of information.
The Cells are processed in a group of fixed size called
Words.
To provide easy access to any word in a memory,a distinct
address is associated with each word location.
Addresses are numbers that identify successive locations.
The number of bits in each word is called the word length.
The word length ranges from 16 to 64 bits.

There are 3 types of memory.They are
 RAM(Random Access Memory)
 Cache memory
 Main Memory

RAM:
Memory in which any location can be reached in short and fixed amount of time
after specifying its address is called RAM.

Time required to access 1 word is called Memory Access Time.
Cache Memory:
The small,fast,RAM units are called Cache. They are tightly coupled with processor to achieve high performance.

C++ Syntax

The following code is written in C++

We shall look at each element of the following code in detail to understand the syntax of C++

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
    cout <<"Hello World.";
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>: This is a header file library. <iostream> stands for standard input-output stream. It allows us to include objects such as cin and cout, cerr etc.

using namespace std: Means that names for objects and variables can be used from the standard library. It is also used as additional information to differentiate similar functions. 

int main(): The function main is called just as in C. Any code inside its curly brackets {} will be executed.

cout: is an object used to print a particular text after << in quotes. In our example it will output "Hello World". (for personal reference we can say it is similar to printf in c)

return 0: Terminates the function main

Note:

1) Every C++ statement ends with a semicolon ';'

2) Compiler ignores white spaces. Multiple line spaces are used to make the code more readable.

Omitting Name spaces:

C++ programs run without the standard namespace library. This can be done by writing std keyword followed by :: operator inside int main()

Example:

#include <iostream> 

int main() 

{ 

std::cout <<"Hello World"; 

return 0; 

}

Output(Print Text)

Using the cout object

As discussed earlier the cout object, together with the << operator, is used to output values/print text.

You can add as many cout objects as you want. However, note that it does not insert a new line at the end of the of each object all of them will be printed in a single line.

Example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;


int main() {
  cout << "Demo Code.";
  cout << "I am learning C++.";
  cout << "Print text.";

    return 0;
}

Output:

Demo Code.I am learning C++.Print text.

New Lines

In order to insert a new line after each object declaration \n is used. Or another way to do so is using end1 manipulator

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
  cout << "Demo Code.\n";
  cout << "I am learning C++" <<end1;
  cout << "print text";

  return 0;
}

Output:

Demo Code.
I am learning C++
print text

Note: \n is the preferred way to break lines.

User Input

As we have already discussed earlier cin is used to get user input. This is paired along with the extraction operator (>>)

The following example reads a value from the user and prints it on the screen.

Example:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
  int num;
  cout << "Type a number: "; // displayed on the screen
  cin >> num; //value taken from User
  cout << "Your number is: " << x; // number displayed on the screen

  return 0;
}

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE A-Z GUIDE

WHAT ARE THE USES FOR AI?

• Self-driving cars
• Facial recognition tools that tag you in pictures
• Customer service bots that redirect inquiries on a webpage
• Google’s page-ranking technology that determines which websites appear at the top of the search engine
• Recommendation systems showing items that could be useful additions to your shopping cart based on browsing history
• Spam filters that keep your inbox clean through automated sorting

WHAT CAN GENERAL AI DO?

Why is artificial intelligence important?